Introduction

Steatocystoma multiplex is a rare skin disorder characterized by the development of multiple noncancerous (benign) cysts known as steatocystomas. These growths originate in the skin’s sebaceous glands, responsible for producing sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.

Clinical Presentation and Distribution

In affected individuals, steatocystomas typically emerge during adolescence and are commonly found on the torso, neck, upper arms, and upper legs. While these cysts are the primary manifestation of the condition, some individuals may also exhibit mild abnormalities in teeth or nails.

Genetic Basis and Inheritance

Steatocystoma multiplex can result from mutations in the *KRT17* gene, which encodes keratin 17—a protein found in nails, hair follicles, and the skin on palms and soles. Although most cases are sporadic, the disorder can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

Prognosis and Treatment

The prognosis for patients with steatocystoma multiplex is generally favorable, given its benign nature and absence of malignant transformation. Treatment options include oral isotretinoin, surgical excision, and physical therapies like CO2 laser and cryotherapy. While some cases may involve inflammation and cyst rupture, they typically remain asymptomatic.

Conclusion

Steatocystoma multiplex, while rare, is a well-characterized skin disorder primarily affecting sebaceous glands. It manifests with multiple benign cysts and can occur sporadically or be inherited. Management strategies focus on symptom alleviation and cosmetic improvement, with a generally positive outlook for affected individuals.